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info@advocaatvanderbeken.be
0471 86 20 15

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Herinneringskosten

Moet ik herinneringskosten en schadebeding betalen bij niet-betaalde factuur?

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Een voorbeeld. U ontvangt een ingebrekestelling van een incassobureau wegens een onbetaalde labotest van enkele maanden geleden en u wordt gevraagd 20 EUR te betalen voor de labotest, vermeerderd met  2 EUR intresten en een schadevergoeding van 70 EUR.

Moet u dit (volledig) betalen?

Wanneer u een dergelijke brief ontvangt van een incassobureau of gerechtsdeurwaarder met de vraag om over te gaan tot betaling van een achterstallige factuur, handel dan niet overhaast en controleer of gevorderde bedragen correct zijn. Meestal zal de vordering opgebouwd zijn uit verschillende bedragen: hoofdsom (oorspronkelijk factuurbedrag), interesten en schadevergoeding (wegens laattijdige betaling).

In elk geval raden wij u aan om schriftelijk (per aangetekende brief, of minstens per fax of via e-mail) te reageren, zelfs als u meent niets verschuldigd te zijn, bijvoorbeeld omdat de aangerekende dienst niet werd uitgevoerd of omdat u de factuur reeds betaalde. Neem contact op met de afzender van de brief en leg uw bezwaren uit.

Vraag, in geval van betwisting of twijfel, een kopij van de factuur alsook het bewijs van verzending ervan. Het is immers aan de schuldeiser om aan te tonen dat de factuur u destijds werd toegezonden. Kan de eiser u dit bewijs niet overmaken (wat vaak het geval zal zijn), dan kan zij u hoogstens de hoofdsom aanrekenen. De bijkomende kosten (intresten en schadevergoeding) bent u dan niet verschuldigd.

Wat als de schuldeiser wel degelijk kan aantonen dat de factuur u destijds werd toegestuurd?

Dan valt u terug op de overeenkomst die u afsloot met de tegenpartij en/of de zogenaamde algemene voorwaarden, waarin vaak bepaald staat welke kosten er bijkomend aangerekend kunnen worden bij laattijdige betaling.

Dat betekent nog steeds niet dat u de bijkomende kosten zomaar moet aanvaarden.

Heeft u die algemene voorwaarden eigenlijk wel aanvaard als consument? Dit is immers een voorwaarde. De loutere vermelding ervan op de factuur, volstaat in principe niet: er moet door de schuldeiser worden aangetoond dat u de voorwaarden aanvaard heeft voordat de dienst werd geleverd. Ook een standaardformule waarin wordt bevestigd dat u geacht wordt in te stemmen met de algemene voorwaarden, zonder dat u er effectief kennis van heeft kunnen nemen vóór de overeenkomst, volstaat niet.

Wat als de schuldeiser kan aantonen dat u de algemene voorwaarden aanvaardde? U ondertekende bijvoorbeeld indertijd een overeenkomst of offerte waar deze algemene voorwaarden duidelijk deel van uitmaakten.

Dan nog is het niet zeker dat u de bijkomende kosten moet betalen.

Bent u een particulier (geen handelaar), dan moeten de voorwaarden immers een aantal toetsen doorstaan, zoals de evenredigheids- en de wederkerigheidstoets.

Evenredigheidstoets? Dit houdt in dat de bijkomende kosten steeds evenredig moeten zijn aan het nadeel dat door de schuldeiser kan worden geleden. In het hierboven aangehaalde voorbeeld lijkt een schadebeding van 70 EUR niet in evenredigheid te zijn met de verschuldigde hoofdsom van 20 EUR. De kans is reëel dat de rechter dit bedrag zal matigen.

Wederkerigheidstoets? Dit houdt in dat de bijkomende kosten wederkerig en gelijkwaardig moeten zijn. Met andere woorden, wanneer een onderneming in haar voorwaarden bijkomende kosten voorziet voor de tekortkoming van haar wederpartij, dan moet zij dit eveneens voorzien voor haarzelf wanneer zij zelf in gebreke zou blijven.

Er zijn heel wat mogelijkheden om bijkomende kosten te betwisten.

Voor alle vragen en problemen bij betwisting van facturen kunt u terecht in ons kantoor. Neem contact op via e-mail info@advocaatvanderbeken.be of via het contactformulier op de website.

Advocaat Davy Van der Beken
Wolstraat 8, 1000 Brussel
Snikbergstraat 140A, 1701 Dilbeek (Itterbeek)

Geplaatst op: 23 april 2017

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Categorieën

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  • Burgerlijk recht
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  • Verkeersrecht
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Ik wil afzien van een aankoop. Kan dat?
Als ik teveel gedronken heb, ben ik dan dronken?
Verkeerswetgeving vanaf 1 januari 2015